Field
What light is
A spectrum is a function, not a colour. Illuminants, reflectance, blackbody radiation computed from Planck's law, and what has already been discarded before the eye is reached.
A spectrum is not a colour
What arrives at the eye is a function of wavelength. What the eye reports is three numbers. Keeping the two apart is the single most useful habit in the subject, and almost every confusion in applied colour comes from letting them merge.
Blackbody and the colour of temperature
Heat something and it glows, in a colour fixed by its temperature alone. Planck's law gives the whole spectrum from one number, and the Planckian locus is the only curve in colour science derived from physics rather than from measurements of people.
The illuminant is half the answer
An object has a reflectance, not a colour. The colour appears when a specified light falls on it, which is why two surfaces can match in a shop and clash outside, and why every serious matching standard names the light.